Sunday 14 December 2008

Sleep Problems and Babies: How Massage Can Assist Your Baby to Sleep



Do you find your child has difficulty falling asleep, or do they experience sleep problems such as regular waking during the night?

You are not alone! However coined the term “sleep like a baby” must be one of the lucky ones whose baby slept through the night from an early age (or maybe they didn’t have children!). Up to 29 percent(1) of infants experience sleep disturbance and waking during the night by the third month. Sleep problems such as difficulty in falling asleep and night waking may affect up to 35 percent of infants and toddlers(1). How much stimulation an infant receives during the day plays a major part in how efficient they are able to organise their sleep state. Overstimulation can be disruptive to an infant’s sleep. There are many techniques you can use to help settle your little one, but most important is establishing a soothing bedtime routine(2); one that your baby will become familiar with and one that involves working around the same bedtime and routine each night. This indicates to your baby that bedtime is approaching. Babies learn through repetition as repetition builds strong pathways (connections) in your baby’s brain (called synapses). Your baby will feel safe and secure with a familiar routine, especially a soothing and calming one.

Oxytocin and Melatonin in relation to sleep:
Calming your child’s brain releases the hormone oxytocin and the sleep hormone melatonin(2). Oxytocin is a hormone that has many wonderful benefits for your child. It is only released through touch; massaging your baby is the most effective way for your baby to receive the many positive physical effects associated with oxytocin such as improved sleep, balancing blood pressure and relaxation. It is important to learn how to massage your baby correctly (from a certified infant massage instructor such as Natalie Garmson, see http://www.kidsmassage.com.au/ ). Applying the wrong pressure or incorrect technique could increase your baby’s crying or discomfort, only making it worse. Massaging your baby is a skill that is easy to learn. It is fun for both you and your baby and can quite easily fit into your daily routine. Even better, the benefits of massage are felt immediately!
Melatonin is sometimes called the sleep hormone. It is stimulated by a calm environment, low levels of light, soft music or a soft voice. Together, oxytocin and melatonin create the right balance to help regulate your child’s brain to prepare them for sleep. When it is your baby’s bedtime, your role as a parent is to create a relaxing environment, provide lots of reassurance through cuddles, reading a book and through calming touch such as massage. This is an example of a lovely soothing routine to help your child sleep longer and will assist their circadian rhythms (or ‘body clock’) (3). This is why children love routine!
(Please note: whilst massage is a wonderful activity you can do with your baby after a bath, it must be noted that massage after a bath is not recommended for infants under the age of 5 months, as massage is too stimulating for your newborn's nervous system. An alternative is to incorporate massage after your newborn’s daytime nap, often referred to as the ‘quiet alert’ stage).

Massage vs Rocking (Study):
A study was conducted to compare rocking verses massage as a technique to assist babies in falling asleep(1). It was observed that those infants who were massaged were awake whilst being massaged and fell asleep afterwards, whilst the group of infants who were rocked fell asleep whilst being rocked but woke when the rocking ceased. It was also noted that those infants who received massage (as compared to rocking) cried less, had lower stress hormones (through salivary cortisol levels) and showed greater improvement emotionally and socially. Reducing your baby’s stress hormone levels also contributes to an improved immune system. Another point to note is in relation to your baby's sleep association, meaning what they associate or relate going to sleep with. An example is rocking your baby to sleep, as observed in the study, interupts your child's ability to learn how to self soothe themself to sleep.

Sleep problems and babies who cry themselves to sleep:
Your baby cannot simply relax after over-exhaustion or stimulating play. They require your help to relax and adjust their brain chemistry to release oxytocin. Leaving your baby to cry themselves to sleep (note: referring to a 'distressed' cry) means that their stress levels (influenced by the stress hormone cortisol) remain increased in their system(2). High cortisol in your baby’s system when they fall asleep means there is a greater chance they will wake during the night(3). There are many factors that may contribute to your child’s sleep problems, during the first year it is usually related to developmental issues such as teething. At around 3 to 6 months of age, your baby will start to organise its sleep/wake cycle and it may not be until they are 8 months of age that they start to sleep through the night(1). Remember that every child is an individual and influenced partly by nature (their genetic ‘make-up’) and partly by nurture (their surrounding environment and how you nurture and care for them). What you ultimately wish for is a healthy child who sleeps well. It is in the deep sleep (or restorative sleep) state that your child releases growth hormones. Deep sleep also contributes to a strong immune system. Massaging your child on a daily basis and establishing a soothing bedtime routine will assist their health, wellbeing and development. Don’t wait until next week to learn the art of infant massage…. start today!
Article by Natalie Garmson, certified infant massage instructor & mother of 2 boys, Idibidi Kids Massage, Perth, Western Australia.

References:

(1) Field, T. The Amazing Infant, Blackwell Publishing, 2007, Oxford, U.K. p251, 261-3
(2) Sunderland,M. The Science of Parenting, DK Publishing Ltd, London, U.K, 2006, p 66-9, 78-9.
(3) Underdown, A. Barlow,J. Chung,V. Stewart-Brown,S. Massage Intervention for Promoting Mental and Physical Health in Infants Ages Under Six Months, The Cochrane Collaboration, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008. Issue 4.

Further recommended reading:

Touch Research Institute, Miami, USA.
http://www6.miami.edu/touch-research/TRIResearch/infantmassage.htm

Monday 8 December 2008

5 reasons why your baby should be massaged

Why should babies be massaged by their parents or close caregiver? Here are 5 wonderful reasons why...

1. Promotes relaxation (and not just for bubs!) - massaging your baby releases the 'feel-good' hormones oxytocin and endorphins and also reduces stress hormones. Research has discovered that it is not just the person receiving massage who feels these benefits; the person giving the massage is also said to benefit

2. Strengthens the bond between parent and newborn - bonding and forming close attachments to your newborn may take time and does not always happen in the days following birth. For example, if you have had a difficult or long and stressful labour or given birth to a premature baby, this may effect the bonding process. Learning to massage your baby by a qualifed infant massage instructor, (in Perth, Western Australia, Natalie Garmson is a certified infant massage instructor and mother of 2 boys) is essential if you want to learn how to confidently apply the right amount of pressure, rate and rhythm of each massage stroke to your baby. Massaging your baby is a special one to one time; a time when you will further understand your baby's body language (or non-verbal cues) through your gentle, nurturing touch.

3. Assists with relieving colic and wind - many parents (I am one of them) have experienced a 'colicky' baby or a baby who has bad wind. They may cry for extended periods, sometimes hours on end or pull their legs up towards their abdomen, crying in pain. Through attending a parent-infant massage course (for example, the 4 session parent-infant massage course Idibidi Kids offers), you will learn the colic massage sequence (or colic massage technique). Massage is particularly useful on the abdomen but must be performed correctly (note: massage strokes must always be done in a clockwise direction).

4. Improves babies sleep - regular massage on a daily basis will assist with regulating your baby's sleep patterns and increase their deep sleep, particularly during the night. This is due to massage releasing the sleep hormone serotonin and regulate melatonin (massage being a form of positive, nurturing touch). Massage is a wonderful addition to your daily routine and takes as little as 10 minutes! Even better, your baby will love you for it.

5. Great for keeping your baby flexible - during the 4 session course with Idibidi Kids Massage, you will learn how to do lymphatic exercises with your baby. These are useful for maintaining your baby's flexibility, but more importantly assists the communication process of the right and left hemispheres of your baby's brain. Lymphatic exercises also improve circulation of the lymphatic system (the 'waste removal' system of the body).

Post by: Natalie Garmson, Owner/Instructor of Idibidi Kids Massage

Books Ive Read...

  • Frederick Leboyer: Loving Hands, The Traditional Art of Baby Massage
  • Kerstin Uvnas Moberg: The Oxytocin Factor
  • Tiffany Field: Touch
  • Vimala McClure: Infant Massage, A Handbook for Loving Parents